Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

一种低轨双星雷达信号无模糊频差估计算法

针对低轨双星组合接收低脉冲重复频率(LPRF)雷达信号的频差(DFO)估计存在模糊的问题，提出一种基于时差差分的频差无模糊高精度估计算法，该算法通过对高精度的时差测量值进行中心差分获得无模糊的频差估值。仿真结果表明，新算法能对PRF低至300 Hz的雷达信号进行无模糊的频差估计，估计精度在信噪比高于15 dB时逼近克拉美劳下界，可有效扩大低轨双星时/频差定位系统对LPRF信号的适用范围。     

基于产业思维的航天发射服务研究

首先从核心驱动出发提出航天发展三阶段第一推动力,从产业要素出发分析航天产业进阶的市场、技术和产业政策三要素。而后从价值链出发研究航天产业产值分布和产业整合策略。最后分析了新兴航天发射服务公司的模式、产品和技术,为我国航天发射服务提供参考。     

Thrusting maneuver control of a small spacecraft via only gimbaled-thruster scheme

The thrust vector control (TVC) scheme is a powerful method in spacecraft attitude control. Since the control of a small spacecraft is being studied here, a solid rocket motor (SRM) should be used instead of a liquid propellant motor. Among the TVC methods, gimbaled-TVC as an efficient method is employed in this paper. The spacecraft structure is composed of a body and a gimbaled-SRM where common attitude control systems such as reaction control system (RCS) and spin-stabilization are not presented. A nonlinear two-body model is considered for the characterization of the gimbaled-thruster spacecraft where, the only control input is provided by a gimbal actuator. The attitude of the spacecraft is affected by a large exogenous disturbance torque which is generated by a thrust vector misalignment from the center of mass (C.M). A linear control law is designed to stabilize the spacecraft attitude while rejecting the mentioned disturbance torque. A semi-analytical formulation of the region of attraction (RoA) is developed to ensure the local stability and fast convergence of the nonlinear closed-loop system. Simulation results of the 3D maneuvers are included to show the applicability of this method for use in a small spacecraft.     

L-band nighttime scintillations at the northern edge of the EIA along 95°E during the ascending half of the solar cycle 24

The characteristics of nighttime ionospheric scintillations measured at the L-band frequency of 1.575 GHz over Dibrugarh (27.5°N, 95°E, MLAT ～ 17°N, 43° dip) during the ascending half of the solar cycle 24 from 2010 to 2014 have been investigated and the results are presented in this paper. The measurement location is within or outside the zone of influence of the equatorial ionization anomaly depending on solar and geomagnetic activity. Maximum scintillation is observed in the equinoxes irrespective of solar activity with clear asymmetry between March and September. The occurrence frequency in the solstices shifts from minimum in the June solstice in low solar activity to a minimum in the December solstice in high solar activity years. A significant positive correlation of occurrence of scintillations in the June solstice with solar activity has been observed. However, earlier reports from the Indian zone (～75°E) indicate negative or no correlation of scintillation in June solstice with solar activity. Scintillations activity/occurrence in solstices indicates a clear positive correlation with Es recorded simultaneously by a collocated Ionosonde. In equinoxes, maximum scintillations occur in the pre-midnight hours while in solstices the occurrence frequency peaks just after sunset. The incidence of strong scintillations (S₄ ≥ 0.4) increases with increase in solar activity. Strong (S₄ ≥ 0.4) ionospheric scintillations accompanied by TEC depletions in the pre-midnight period is attributed to equatorial irregularities whereas the dusk period scintillations are related to the sporadic-E activity. Present results thus indicate that the current location at the northern edge of the EIA behaves as low as well as mid-latitude location.     

多自由度振动环境下惯组非线性传递特性研究

惯组作为飞行器姿控系统的传感器,其局部安装结构的传递特性的测量精度直接关系到导航精度。目前,惯组普遍使用减振器进行隔振,而减振器都呈现出较强的非线性特征。为了考察惯组在不同工况下的传递特性,将惯组简化为六自由度Duffing模型,推导了基础激励下系统的运动微分方程,并用龙格-库塔法对方程进行求解,分析了自由衰减振动和强迫振动下不同工况的系统传递特性。结果表明,多自由度激励比单自由度激励工况得到的系统传递特性的频率和幅值都低。考虑到惯组真实的使用环境,应当在多自由度振动环境下进行传递特性试验。     

Quantitative assessment and visualization of flight risk induced by coupled multi-factor under icing conditions

Aircraft icing has been proven to be one of the most serious threats to flight safety. During the analysis of flight risk under icing conditions, quantitative assessment and visualization of flight risk are quite essential as they provide safe manipulation strategies in intricate conditions. However, they are rarely studied. Since the icing flight accidents are the result of the coupling of multiple unfavorable factors, in present study, we have proposed a method to quantitatively assess flight risk induced by multi-factor coupling under icing conditions by Monte-Carlo simulation and multivariate extreme value theory. The results demonstrate that the flight risk probability increases with the rise of unfavorable factors. Besides, a flight risk visualization method named flight safety window has been presented to build the flight risk distribution cloud maps in different complex conditions. The cloud maps show that the icing would give rise to atrophy of the safety scope, and the consequence would be even more severe when coupled with other more unfavorable factors. The proposed methods in this study would be useful in flight risk analysis under icing conditions and can enhance the pilot's situational awareness in selecting correct strategies within the safety zone to avoid unsafe manipulation.     

大扫描视场飞行器共形光学系统设计

共形光学窗口外表面与飞行器轮廓相同,可以显著提升飞行器的整体性能,但在大扫描视场应用时,引入大量非对称动态像差,严重影响成像质量。针对大扫描视场的共形光学系统,提出了基于共形窗口内表面优化,以及分视场单元透镜阵列的动态像差校正方法,实现动态像差的静态化校正。在84°扫描视场范围内,对共形光学系统进行仿真验证,结果表明：该方法使共形光学系统在全扫描视场范围内的Zernike多项式系数绝对值从0~10.82λ减小到0~1λ（λ为波长）,同时各通道单元透镜阵列保持固定状态。与目前已有方法相比,本文显著提升了大扫描视场共形光学系统的成像质量和系统稳定性,有效简化了系统结构。本文的研究对实现大扫描视场、高成像质量和高稳定性的共形光学系统有重要意义。     

主流攻角对双射流孔气膜冷却特性的影响

应用压力敏感漆技术,在平板上测量了不同主流攻角(i=-30°,-20°,-10°,0°,10°,20°,30°)下双射流孔的气膜冷却效率,并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)计算得到的流场对气膜冷却效率的规律进行了解析。所研究的双射流孔结构的孔间无量纲横向距离为0.5,孔间无量纲流向距离为3;射流与主流密度比为1.0,吹风比分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0。结果表明小的主流攻角(i=-10°,0°,10°)下,流场中存在反肾型涡对或挤压作用,气膜层与壁面贴附良好,气膜冷却效率最高;大正值攻角(i=20°,30°)下,虽然气膜覆盖面积大,但反肾型涡对退化,气膜冷却效率下降;大负值攻角(i=-20°,-30°)下,流场中有肾型涡对,且气膜横向覆盖受限,气膜冷却效率最低。     

非正交弧线齿面齿轮齿面设计及根切研究

非正交弧线齿面齿轮是以端面渐开线弧线齿圆柱齿轮为假想刀具包络展成的面齿轮。根据面齿轮啮合原理推导了非正交弧线齿面齿轮齿面方程,结合Matlab数学模型和根切理论研究了该种面齿轮的根切现象,计算出面齿轮不产生根切的最大内径,并通过Catia仿真滚齿来验证计算的准确性。该研究旨在提出一种新型非正交面齿轮,通过理论推导及仿真模拟来研究该种面齿轮的根切现象,在此基础上探究非正交弧线齿面齿轮的内径影响因素。研究结果表明:在同等参数下,当位置参数增大时,刀具渐开线截面高度和内径逐渐减小,当刀具圆弧半径增大时,内径逐渐减小,刀具渐开线截面高度逐渐增大。